Dale’s Cone of
Experience
This
is a visual model that is composed of eleven (11) stages starting from concrete
experiences at the bottom of the cone then it becomes more and more abstract as
it reach the peak of the cone. Also, according to Dale, the arrangement in the
cone is not based on its difficulty but rather based on abstraction and on the
number of senses involved. The experiences in each stages can be mixed and are
interrelated that fosters more meaningful learning.
According
to one of the principles in the selection and use of teaching strategies, the
more senses that are involved in learning, the more and the better the learning
will be but it does not mean that concrete experience is the only effective
experience that educators should use in transferring knowledge to the learner.
To
expand on each of the components, let us begin with the Direct Purposeful
Experiences. These are first hand experiences which serve as the foundation of
learning. In this level, more senses are used in order to build up the
knowledge. Also, in this level, the learner learned by doing things by
him/herself. Learning happens through actual hands-on experiences. This level
explains and proves one of the principles in the selection and use of teaching
strategies, the more senses that are involved in learning, the more and the
better the learning will be. This level also proves that educational technology
is not limited to the modern gadgets and software that are commercially
available nowadays. This shows that even the simple opportunity that you give
to each child could help them learn.
The
next level would be the Contrived Experiences. In this level, representative
models and mock-ups of reality are being used in order to provide an experience
that as close as reality. This level is very practical and it makes
learning experience more accessible to the learner. In this stage, it provides
more concrete experiences, even if not as concrete as direct experiences, that
allows visualization that fosters better understanding of the concept.
On
the other hand, the next level would be the Dramatized experiences. In this
level, learners can participate in a reconstructed experiences that could give
them better understanding of the event or of a concept. Through dramatized
experiences, learners become more familiar with the concept as they emerge
themselves to the “as-if” situation.
The
next level would be the Demonstrations. It is a visualize explanation of
important fact, idea, or process through the use of pictures, drawings, film
and other types of media in order to facilitate clear and effective learning.
In this level, things are shown based on how they are done.
Another
level would be the Study Trips. This level extends the learning experience
through excursions and visits on the different places that are not available
inside the classroom. Through this level, the learning experience will not be
limited to the classroom setting but rather extended in a more complex
environment.
The
level of study trips is followed by exhibits. It is a somewhat a combination of
some of the first levels in the cone. Actually, exhibits are combination of
several mock ups and models. Most of the time, exhibits are experiences that is
“for your eyes” only but some exhibits includes sensory experiences which could
be related to direct purposeful experiences. In this level, meanings ideas are
presented to the learners in a more abstract manner. This
experience allows student to see the meaning and relevance of things based on
the different pictures and representations presented.
The
next levels would be the level of television and motion pictures and still
pictures, recordings, and Radio. Because of the rapid development of the modern
technology, a lot of people believe that Educational technology is limited to
these stages. They are not aware that these sages are only a small portion of
EdTech. For television and motion pictures, it implies values and messages
through television and films. On the other hand, still pictures, recordings and
radio are visual and auditory devices that can be used by a learner/group of
learner that could enhance and extend learning experience
The
last two levels would be the Visual symbolic and Verbal symbolic. These two
levels are the most complex and abstract among all the components of the Cone
of Experience. In the visual symbolic level, charts, maps, graphs, and diagrams
are used for abstract representations. On the other hand, the verbal symbolic
level does not involve visual representation or clues to their meanings. Mostly,
the things involved in this level are words, ideas, principles, formula, and
the likes.
ADVANTAGES: (1) We can gain knowledge through experience. (2) Serves as the foundation of concept formation.
DISADVANTAGES:
(1) There would be a possible wrong interpretation of that experience that will
lead to inappropriate knowledge. (2) When misguided or misinterpreted, it could
possibly cause confusion.
.
Reference.
3. https://teachernoella.weebly.com/dales-cone-of-experience.html
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